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ation and between the private and the official person. So all agree-
ments eventually concluded reflect the public sphere as a place where
unattached persons meet through the distance of value, not a freedom
from value but a constant and insoluble tension between norm and
life.104 The balance between what different opinions regard as human
dignity and  factual necessities is not possible to harmonize according
to a natural evaluative standard.  The art of transaction or diplomacy
enters precisely here to reach conditions for an agreement that could
be as useful, decent and advantageous as possible. 105
So all idea of law must rest upon an anthropology of the person,
and that person must be recognized as opaque. This is not to say one
is offering yet another version of a liberal ideology, of freedom, the
rule of law and democracy, etc., which, sooner or later, has to be
enforced against alternative ideologies, supposedly authoritarian or
totalitarian. Rather, this idea of law is an epistemology of human
experience, a call for inter-disciplinarity in the application of law.
Law is not merely context-dependent. It is always directed beyond
itself. It has to give shape and to manage what Plesser would call legal
tact  the more or less (im)mature anarchy of more or less (im)mature
societies. The limits of the tasks are clearly set by Der Derian and
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From an Order of Fear to One of Respect 245
Plessner. While there is so much to be learned, there is also so much
that cannot be learned, that remains opaque, where mistakes and mis-
judgments will always be made. Each international lawyer has his
own contribution to make provided he is willing to engage in such an
adventure of discovery and misunderstanding. Tact in the face of per-
plexity has to take the place of fear in the face of the unknown and
apparently threatening.
Notes
1 This has been the argument of chapters 4 6.
2 R. Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace, Political Thought and the
International Order from Grotius to Kant, 2001.
3 Paul Ricoeur, Parcours de la reconnaissance (2004) 241.
4 Ibid., 242.
5 Ibid., 245.
6 Ibid., 246.
7 Ibid., 249 51.
8 Ibid., 251.
9 Ibid., 255.
10 Ibid., 258.
11 Ibid., 260 3.
12 Ibid., 267 8.
13 Ibid., 274.
14 Ibid., 288 9.
15 Ibid., 298.
16 Ibid., 292 3.
17 Ibid., 307.
18 Ibid., 315 18.
19 Molly Mann,  Ricoeur s Dialectic of Solicitous Giving and Receiving:
Instruction, Recognition and Justice, 20 1: Paper Presented at the
Colloquium,  Thinking the Present, University of California at Berkeley,
May 2005, http://www.criticalsense.berkeley.edu/mann.pdf.
20 Ibid.
21 In Paul Ricoeur and Contemporary Moral Thought, ed. John Wall,
(1992); Fred Dallmayr,  Ethics and Public Life, in ibid., 221.
22 Mann, Ricoeur s Dialectic, 23, quoting Riceour, The Just (2000) 37.
23 Ibid., also Ricoeur, ibid., 56.
24 Ibid., 25.
25 Ibid., 26.
26 Paul Keal, European Conquest and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
(2003), 56 ff.
27 Anthony Pagden, European Encounters with the New World (1994).
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246 Philosophy of International Law
28 Quoted by Keal, European Conquest, 62 from Pagden, European
Encounters, 36.
29 Gong, quoting Lewis, in The Standard of  Civilisation in International
Society (1984) 108.
30 A. L. Macfie, Orientalism, A Reader (2000), 4.
31 Ibid.
32 Ibid., 3 and 5.
33 Ibid., item 24, 217 38.
34 Ibid., 225.
35 Ibid., 230.
36 Ibid., 221.
37 Second edition (1992).
38 Ibid., 312 435, Chapter 5,  The Hermeneutic Motion .
39 Ibid., 213 313.
40 Ibid., 314.
41 Ibid., 315.
42 Ibid., 315.
43 Ibid., 316.
44 Ibid., 317.
45 Ibid., 318.
46 A. Carty,  Scandinavian Realism and Phenomenological Approaches to
Statehood and General Custom in International Law 14, EJIL (2003)
817, at 820.
47 In Jürgen Habermas, Der gespaltene Westen (2004) 113 at 146.
48 Ibid.
49 Ibid., 147.
50 Ibid., 148.
51 Ibid., 180.
52 Ibid., 180 1.
53 Ibid., 181 2.
54 Ibid., 183 4.
55 Manuchehr Sanadjian,  Fetishised Liberty, the Fear of the Other and
the Global Juridical Rule in Iraq, Social Identities 10 (2004) 665 at
666.
56 Ibid., 666.
57 Ibid., 668.
58 Ibid., 670.
59 Ibid., 671.
60 Ibid., 673.
61 Ibid., 673 4.
62 Ibid., 675.
63 Ibid., 677 8.
64 Ibid., 679.
65 Ibid., 678 9.
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From an Order of Fear to One of Respect 247
66 Ibid., 681.
67 Ibid., 682.
68 Ibid., 682.
69 Ibid., 683.
70 Ibid., 684.
71 See, generally, James Der Derian, On Diplomacy, A Genealogy of
Western Estrangement (1987).
72 The sub-title of the volume edited by James Der Derian and Michael
J. Shapiro, International/Intertextual Relations (1989). See especially
the chapters by Richard and Ashley,  Living on Borderlines: Man,
Poststructuralism and War, and William E. Connolly,  Identity and
Difference in Global Politics.
73 M. Hardt and A. Negri, Empire (2000).
74 M. Foucault, The Order of Things, An Archeology of the Human
Sciences (1970).
75 J. Nijman, The Concept of International Legal Personality: An Inquiry
into the History and Theory of International Law (2004) 377 8.
76 On Diplomacy, 4.
77 Quoted ibid., 8.
78 Ibid., both quotations at 13.
79 On Diplomacy. See chapters 7 and 8, on Anti-diplomacy and Neo-
diplomacy.
80 Nijman, The Concept of International Legal Personality, esp. chapter 3.
81 Ibid., 15.
82 Ibid., 26.
83 Barry Buzan, People, States and Fear (1982).
84 Following Helmut Plessner s The Limits of Community, A Critique of
Social Radicalism trans and introduction, Andrew Wallace (1999).
85 Buzan, Peoples, States and Fear, esp. chapters 2 and 4.
86 Ibid., 96 8.
87 Plessner, The Limits of Community, the translator s introduction,
Wallace, esp. 9 16.
88 Ibid., 174 5.
89 Ibid., 174; italics in the original.
90 Ibid., 193. [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]